1非謂語動詞基本形式

動詞：He asks me to help him often.

謂語 非謂語

1.謂語動詞：時態(tài)/被動語態(tài)

2.非謂語：do/ to do/ doing/ done

2非謂語動詞的判定

非謂語動詞一直是英語學習的難點，也是中考的�？键c，主要為動詞不定式和動名詞，在單項填空、詞形填空和詞組翻譯題型中均有涉及。學生在做此類試題時應先分析本題該用謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞，然后才能確定選用動詞的哪種形式或者非謂語的哪種形式。如何確定使用動詞的哪種形式具體講解詳見動詞的時態(tài)，下面列舉幾種常見的判定非謂語動詞形式的方法：

1.如何判定本題該使用謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞：判斷句子是否缺少謂語。

①當句子缺少謂語時，該動詞就用謂語動詞形式。一般情況下，動詞作謂語放在主語之后，如“I love you.”中，love就是謂語動詞。

②當句中已有謂語動詞又沒有并列連詞與所填動詞并列時，該動詞就用非謂語動詞形式。非謂語動詞可以在句子中作除謂語以外的任何成分，如主語、賓語、賓語補足語、表語、定語、狀語及插入語。

3非謂語動詞的分類(不定式，動名詞)

1)不定式

1.不定式的構成

不定式的基本形式為:to+動詞原形,有時可以不用to,這里的to是不定式符號,本身無詞義,動詞不定式的否定形式是not+to+動詞原形。動詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化。

2.不定式的基本用法

用法

說明

例句

作

主

語

動詞不定式作主語時,常用it作形式主語,而將真正的主語放在句末,避免句子頭重腳輕。其結(jié)構為It+be+adj.+to do sth.

To learn English well is useful.

=It is useful to learn English well.

如果要說明不定式表示的動作的執(zhí)行者,可以在不定式前加一個for短語。其結(jié)構為It+be+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.

It is good for you to go out for a walk.

某些表示人的品質(zhì)、特征等的形容詞(如kind,good,nice,wise,clever,polite等)作表語時,不定式之前可以加一個of短語,用來說明動作的執(zhí)行者。其結(jié)構為It+be+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.

It’s not polite of him to speak to old people like that.

兩個或兩個以上的動詞不定式并列時,第一個不定式帶to,后面的不定式通常省略to

To go to sleep early and get up early is a good habit.

作

賓

語

不定式用在及物動詞后作賓語,常見的及物動詞有:begin,choose,continue,decide,expect,fail,forget,hate,help,hope,learn,manage,mean,need,offer,plan,prefer,pretend,promise,refuse,try,afford,agree,start,like等

I can’t afford to buy a digital camera at the moment.

在find,think后跟不定式作賓語時,常用it代替,而將真正的賓語放在后面

I find it easy to read English every day.

作

賓

語

補

足

語

常接不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有:want,ask,tell,allow,get,would like,advise,encourage等

My mother encourages me to learn Japanese.

一些使役動詞和感官動詞也用不定式作賓補,這時不定式要省略to。這些動詞有:一感(feel)、二聽(hear,listen to)、三讓(let,make,have)、四看(look at,see,watch,notice)。但變被動語態(tài)時必須加上to

I often hear Li Ming sing in the next room.

動詞help后面的不定式,既可以帶to,也可以不帶to

You must help me(to)do my homework this afternoon.

作

定

語

作定語的不定式,要放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞之后

I have some clothes to wash.

如果不定式是不及物動詞,且與它所修飾的詞構成邏輯上的被動關系,則不定式要加上相應的介詞

He is looking for a room to live in.

We have a lot of things to talk about.

當不定式修飾的名詞是time,place或way時,不定式后面習慣上省略介詞

My grandma had no place to live(in)in the old days.

不定式修飾 something,anything,nothing時,放在它們的后面,如果something,anything,nothing有形容詞修飾,詞序是“something/anything/nothing+形容詞+不定式”

I had something cold to drink.

作

狀

語

不定式作目的狀語時可放在句首或句尾

To be a good student,one must study hard.

和某些形容詞連用構成“be+形容詞+不定式”結(jié)構,作原因狀語

We are sorry to trouble you.

作程度或結(jié)果狀語時,常與enough(表示肯定)或too(表示否定)連用

He is old enough to go to school.

He is too young to go to school.

作表語

表示主語的“職業(yè)、職責或性質(zhì)”等,通常對連系動詞前面的名詞進行解釋說明

His wish is to become a doctor.

和疑問

詞連用

不定式常和疑問詞what,which,when,where,how連用,在句中擔當主語、賓語、表語等成分

He didn't know where to go.

=He didn't know where he should go.

動詞不定式的特殊句型:

①too…to… “太……而不能……”。

如：The boy is too young to look after himself. 那個男孩太小而不能照顧自己。

②…enough to…“……足夠……”。

如：He is old enough to go to school. 他足夠大能去上學了。

③Why don’t you +省略to的不定式?=Why not +省略to的不定式?為什么不……呢?

如：Why don't you get her a photo album? =Why not get her a photo album? 為什么不給她買個相冊呢?

④had better+(not)+省略to的不定式。最好(不要)做……

如：You'd better not stay here today. 你今天最好別待在這兒。

⑤Will you please+省略to的不定式?你愿意……嗎?

如：Will you please close the door? 能請你把門關上嗎?

⑥prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. “寧愿做某事而不愿做某事”

如：I prefer to do more work rather than do nothing at home.我寧愿做更多的工作也不愿在家無所事事。

⑦It is+adj.+for/of sb.+to do.“做某事是……的”

如：It is necessary for us to brush our teeth twice a day.一天刷兩次牙對我們是有必要的。

It+be+形容詞+不定式

It’s hard to say which one is better.很難說哪一個更好。

It+be+名詞+不定式

It was great fun to have a picnic there. 在那里野餐很有意思。

It+動詞+名詞/副詞+不定式

It took me 2 hours to finish my homework. 完成作業(yè)花了我兩個小時的時間。

2).動名詞

1作主語

單獨作主語時，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式;如果并列的動名詞(短語)作主語, 謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。如：

Reading in bed is not good for your eyes.在床上看書對你的眼睛不好。

Reading and writing are necessary for us. 讀書和寫作對我們很有必要。

2作表語

動名詞(短語)作表語可以轉(zhuǎn)化為動名詞(短語)作主語。如：

His favorite sport is playing ping-pong.=Playing ping-pong is his favorite sport.他最喜歡的運動是打乒乓球。

3作賓語

動詞賓語, 多用來表示習慣性動作。如：

I like playing football very much.我非常喜歡踢足球。

常跟動名詞作賓語的動詞有：

enjoy喜歡

mind 介意

finish 完成

keep持續(xù)

suggest 建議

practice 練習

consider考慮

miss錯過

imagine想象

avoid避免

can’t help忍不住

go on 繼續(xù)

be worth值得

be busy忙于

give up放棄

succeed in成功，設法

look forward to期待

be used to習慣于

end up以……結(jié)束

put off推遲

pay attention to注意

be interested in對……感興趣

注意：含有介詞to的固定短語：

make (a) contribution (s) to 為……做貢獻

devote oneself to 獻身，致力于……

look forward to 期待，盼望

preferto 比起……更喜歡……

be used to 習慣……，適應……

pay attention to注意

某些動詞后接不定式和動名詞的區(qū)別

1.forget doing sth.忘記做過某事

forget to do sth.忘記要做某事(未做)

I forget to bring my homework.我忘記帶作業(yè)了。

I forget bringing my homework.我忘記已把作業(yè)帶來了。

2.remember doing sth.記得做過某事

remember to do sth.記得去做某事(未做)

Please remember to post my letter.請記得把我的信寄走。

I remember posting your letter.我記得把你的信寄出去了。

3.try doing sth.嘗試做某事

try to do sth.盡力做某事

Please try to do better next time.下次請設法做得更好些。

He tried speaking in English.他試著用英語講。

4.hear/see sb. doing sth.聽見/看見某人正在做某事

hear/see sb. do sth. 聽見/看見某人做了某事

I often see him play football 我經(jīng)常看見他踢球

I saw him playing football went I passed 當我經(jīng)過的時候，我看見他正在踢球

5.Stop to do sth 停下去做某事

Stop doing sth 停止做某事

Stop to think about it for a moment.停下來想一下這件事。

Stop talking, please.請不要說話。

6.Mean to do sth 打算做某事

Mean doing sth 意味著

I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to.我想去,但我父親不肯讓我去。

Doing that means wasting time.做那件事意味著浪費時間。

現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別

1.在語態(tài)上,現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動意義,過去分詞表示被動意義。

the surprising news令人驚訝的消息

a surprised man一個感到驚訝的人

a moving film一部感人的電影

the moved people被感動的人們

2.在時間上,現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進行的動作,過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成的動作。

the developing country發(fā)展中國家

the developed country發(fā)達國家

the rising sun正在升起的太陽

the risen sun升起來的太陽

易混句式have sb.do sth.,have sb.doing sth.和have sth. done的區(qū)別

1.have sb. do sth.意為“讓某人做某事”,have可以用let,make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具體動作,且強調(diào)動作已經(jīng)完成或尚未發(fā)生。

The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.士兵們讓這個男孩背對他的父親站著。

2.have sb. doing sth.表示“使某人作出某種反應”或“勸說/命令某人做某事”;用于否定句時表示“允許/容忍某人做某事”。

Within minutes he had the whole audience laughing and clapping.短短幾分鐘內(nèi)他就令全體觀眾歡笑、鼓掌。

3.have sth.done意為“讓某事被別人做”,即ask sb.else to do sth.,過去分詞(done)所表示的動作由他人(非主語本身)來完成。

The driver had his car washed once a week.這個司機一周讓人洗一次車。

中考試練

1.To live a low-carbon life, we must remember the lights when we leave the room.

A.to turn off B.turning off C.not to turn off

【答案】A

【解析】句意:為了過低碳生活,我們必須記得要在離開房間的時候關燈。此題考查固定結(jié)構用法。remember to do sth.記得要做某事,remember doing sth.記得做過某事,remember not to do sth.記得不要做某事,根據(jù)前文“為了過低碳生活”可以判斷出,后文是提出的倡議,應該是“記得要關燈”,因此選A。

2.After long years of war, many people in Syria are homeless. I think it important a peaceful world.

A.build B.not build

C.to build D.not to build

【答案】C

【解析】句意:長年戰(zhàn)爭過后,很多敘利亞人變得無家可歸。我認為建設一個和平的世界很重要。本題考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)think+it+adj.+to do sth.結(jié)構可知此處要用不定式作think的真正的賓語,故答案為C項。

3.My parents don’t allow me late.

A.stay up B.to stay up

C.stays up D.staying up

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我的父母不允許我熬夜。本題考查非謂語動詞。allow sb. to do sth.允許某人做某事。

4.Joining a summer camp is a great chance free time with your friends.

A.spend B.spending C.to spend

【答案】C

【解析】句意:參加夏令營是和你的朋友們一起度過空閑時光的好機會。本題考查非謂語動詞。a chance to do sth.意為“一個做某事的機會”,故選擇C。

5.We have worked so long. Shall we stop a rest?

A.have B.to having

C.having D.to have

【答案】D

【解析】句意:我們已經(jīng)工作了那么長時間了。我們停下來休息一下可以嗎?本題考查動詞不定式。stop doing sth.停止正在做的事情,stop to do sth.停止正在做的事情去做另一件事。根據(jù)句意可知是停止工作去休息,故答案為D項。

6.It’s necessary for us to our parents when we have problems.

A.to talk B.talking C.talk

【答案】A

【解析】句意:當我們遇到問題時和父母談談對我們來說是必要的。本題考查非謂語動詞。由固定句型It is+adj.+for sb to do sth.“做某事對于某人來說是……”可知答案為A。

7.Mr.Smith told his son the football match because of the exam.

A.not to watch B.to not watch

C.not watching D.doesn’t watch

【答案】A

【解析】句意:因為考試史密斯先生告訴他兒子不要看足球賽。tell sb. not to do sth.讓某人不要做某事。所以A項符合題意。

8.Nowadays, it’s convenient and cheap for us a shared-bicycle.

A. ride B. to ride C. flying D. to fly

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞不定式。句意：現(xiàn)如今，____共享單車對我們來說是方便并且便宜的。此處考查it作形式主語，真正的主語為不定式。根據(jù)句意和固定短語ride a bicycle可知。故選B。

9.The Smiths have decided a house near the sea.

A. buy B. bought C. buying D. to buy

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞不定式。句意：史密斯一家已經(jīng)決定在海邊____一座房子。“decide to do sth.”是固定搭配，意為“決定做某事”。故選D。

10.The students are used to physical exercises in the morning.

A.do B.doing C.did D.have done

【答案】B

【解析】句意:學生們習慣在早晨進行身體鍛煉。固定短語“be used to doing sth.”意為“習慣做某事”,故本題選擇B。

11.Smoking is not allowed here. Don’t forget your cigarette.

A.to put out B.putting out

C.to put off D.putting off

【答案】A

【解析】句意:這里不允許吸煙。不要忘記熄滅你的煙。put out意為“撲滅,熄滅”;put off意為“推遲”,根據(jù)句意可排除C和D。forget to do sth.意為“忘記要做某事”,故本題選擇A。

12.It took my sister three hours reading this interesting story.

A.to finish B.finished C.finishing D.finish

【答案】A

【解析】句意:我姐姐花費了三個小時讀完這個有趣的故事。固定句型It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.意為“某人花費多長時間做某事”,故本題應選A。

13.—Why is Li Ming practicing speaking English?

— abroad for further study.

A.Go B.Gone C.To go D.Goes

【答案】C

【解析】句意:——李明為什么在練習說英語?——為了出國深造。本題考查不定式作目的狀語的用法。特殊疑問詞why用于提問原因,動詞不定式可用來表示目的,故本題選擇C。

用所給動詞的正確形式填空。

1. The girl always _________ (forget) her things everywhere.

2. The bell _________ (ring) . The students _________ (stop) talking and got ready for the class.

3. Look!It _________ (rain) outside. Neither of us _________ (want) to go boating now.

4. Jim _________ (not finish) reading the book yet. But he _________ (return) it the day after tomorrow.

5. The trees must _________ (plant) and the sand can _________ (stop) from moving toward to the rich farmland.

6. Some trees _________ (cut) down in America now.

7. When your work _________ (do) ,you can _________ (go) and play.

8. He ________(go) to college after he ________(finish) school next year.

9. I have tried three times. Let me ________(try) a fourth time.

10. He was made ________(work) for more than nine hours a day.

【答案】1.forgets.

2.rang;stopped.

3.is raining;wants.

4.hasn’t finished;will return.

5.be planted;be stopped.

6.are being cut.

7.is done;go.

8.will go;finishes.

9.try 10.to work.

1非謂語動詞基本形式

動詞：He asks me to help him often.

謂語 非謂語

1.謂語動詞：時態(tài)/被動語態(tài)

2.非謂語：do/ to do/ doing/ done

2非謂語動詞的判定

非謂語動詞一直是英語學習的難點，也是中考的�？键c，主要為動詞不定式和動名詞，在單項填空、詞形填空和詞組翻譯題型中均有涉及。學生在做此類試題時應先分析本題該用謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞，然后才能確定選用動詞的哪種形式或者非謂語的哪種形式。如何確定使用動詞的哪種形式具體講解詳見動詞的時態(tài)，下面列舉幾種常見的判定非謂語動詞形式的方法：

1.如何判定本題該使用謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞：判斷句子是否缺少謂語。

①當句子缺少謂語時，該動詞就用謂語動詞形式。一般情況下，動詞作謂語放在主語之后，如“I love you.”中，love就是謂語動詞。

②當句中已有謂語動詞又沒有并列連詞與所填動詞并列時，該動詞就用非謂語動詞形式。非謂語動詞可以在句子中作除謂語以外的任何成分，如主語、賓語、賓語補足語、表語、定語、狀語及插入語。

3非謂語動詞的分類(不定式，動名詞)

1)不定式

1.不定式的構成

不定式的基本形式為:to+動詞原形,有時可以不用to,這里的to是不定式符號,本身無詞義,動詞不定式的否定形式是not+to+動詞原形。動詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化。

2.不定式的基本用法

用法

說明

例句

作

主

語

動詞不定式作主語時,常用it作形式主語,而將真正的主語放在句末,避免句子頭重腳輕。其結(jié)構為It+be+adj.+to do sth.

To learn English well is useful.

=It is useful to learn English well.

如果要說明不定式表示的動作的執(zhí)行者,可以在不定式前加一個for短語。其結(jié)構為It+be+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.

It is good for you to go out for a walk.

某些表示人的品質(zhì)、特征等的形容詞(如kind,good,nice,wise,clever,polite等)作表語時,不定式之前可以加一個of短語,用來說明動作的執(zhí)行者。其結(jié)構為It+be+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.

It’s not polite of him to speak to old people like that.

兩個或兩個以上的動詞不定式并列時,第一個不定式帶to,后面的不定式通常省略to

To go to sleep early and get up early is a good habit.

作

賓

語

不定式用在及物動詞后作賓語,常見的及物動詞有:begin,choose,continue,decide,expect,fail,forget,hate,help,hope,learn,manage,mean,need,offer,plan,prefer,pretend,promise,refuse,try,afford,agree,start,like等

I can’t afford to buy a digital camera at the moment.

在find,think后跟不定式作賓語時,常用it代替,而將真正的賓語放在后面

I find it easy to read English every day.

作

賓

語

補

足

語

常接不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有:want,ask,tell,allow,get,would like,advise,encourage等

My mother encourages me to learn Japanese.

一些使役動詞和感官動詞也用不定式作賓補,這時不定式要省略to。這些動詞有:一感(feel)、二聽(hear,listen to)、三讓(let,make,have)、四看(look at,see,watch,notice)。但變被動語態(tài)時必須加上to

I often hear Li Ming sing in the next room.

動詞help后面的不定式,既可以帶to,也可以不帶to

You must help me(to)do my homework this afternoon.

作

定

語

作定語的不定式,要放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞之后

I have some clothes to wash.

如果不定式是不及物動詞,且與它所修飾的詞構成邏輯上的被動關系,則不定式要加上相應的介詞

He is looking for a room to live in.

We have a lot of things to talk about.

當不定式修飾的名詞是time,place或way時,不定式后面習慣上省略介詞

My grandma had no place to live(in)in the old days.

不定式修飾 something,anything,nothing時,放在它們的后面,如果something,anything,nothing有形容詞修飾,詞序是“something/anything/nothing+形容詞+不定式”

I had something cold to drink.

作

狀

語

不定式作目的狀語時可放在句首或句尾

To be a good student,one must study hard.

和某些形容詞連用構成“be+形容詞+不定式”結(jié)構,作原因狀語

We are sorry to trouble you.

作程度或結(jié)果狀語時,常與enough(表示肯定)或too(表示否定)連用

He is old enough to go to school.

He is too young to go to school.

作表語

表示主語的“職業(yè)、職責或性質(zhì)”等,通常對連系動詞前面的名詞進行解釋說明

His wish is to become a doctor.

和疑問

詞連用

不定式常和疑問詞what,which,when,where,how連用,在句中擔當主語、賓語、表語等成分

He didn't know where to go.

=He didn't know where he should go.

動詞不定式的特殊句型:

①too…to… “太……而不能……”。

如：The boy is too young to look after himself. 那個男孩太小而不能照顧自己。

②…enough to…“……足夠……”。

如：He is old enough to go to school. 他足夠大能去上學了。

③Why don’t you +省略to的不定式?=Why not +省略to的不定式?為什么不……呢?

如：Why don't you get her a photo album? =Why not get her a photo album? 為什么不給她買個相冊呢?

④had better+(not)+省略to的不定式。最好(不要)做……

如：You'd better not stay here today. 你今天最好別待在這兒。

⑤Will you please+省略to的不定式?你愿意……嗎?

如：Will you please close the door? 能請你把門關上嗎?

⑥prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. “寧愿做某事而不愿做某事”

如：I prefer to do more work rather than do nothing at home.我寧愿做更多的工作也不愿在家無所事事。

⑦It is+adj.+for/of sb.+to do.“做某事是……的”

如：It is necessary for us to brush our teeth twice a day.一天刷兩次牙對我們是有必要的。

It+be+形容詞+不定式

It’s hard to say which one is better.很難說哪一個更好。

It+be+名詞+不定式

It was great fun to have a picnic there. 在那里野餐很有意思。

It+動詞+名詞/副詞+不定式

It took me 2 hours to finish my homework. 完成作業(yè)花了我兩個小時的時間。

2).動名詞

1作主語

單獨作主語時，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式;如果并列的動名詞(短語)作主語, 謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。如：

Reading in bed is not good for your eyes.在床上看書對你的眼睛不好。

Reading and writing are necessary for us. 讀書和寫作對我們很有必要。

2作表語

動名詞(短語)作表語可以轉(zhuǎn)化為動名詞(短語)作主語。如：

His favorite sport is playing ping-pong.=Playing ping-pong is his favorite sport.他最喜歡的運動是打乒乓球。

3作賓語

動詞賓語, 多用來表示習慣性動作。如：

I like playing football very much.我非常喜歡踢足球。

常跟動名詞作賓語的動詞有：

enjoy喜歡

mind 介意

finish 完成

keep持續(xù)

suggest 建議

practice 練習

consider考慮

miss錯過

imagine想象

avoid避免

can’t help忍不住

go on 繼續(xù)

be worth值得

be busy忙于

give up放棄

succeed in成功，設法

look forward to期待

be used to習慣于

end up以……結(jié)束

put off推遲

pay attention to注意

be interested in對……感興趣

注意：含有介詞to的固定短語：

make (a) contribution (s) to 為……做貢獻

devote oneself to 獻身，致力于……

look forward to 期待，盼望

preferto 比起……更喜歡……

be used to 習慣……，適應……

pay attention to注意

某些動詞后接不定式和動名詞的區(qū)別

1.forget doing sth.忘記做過某事

forget to do sth.忘記要做某事(未做)

I forget to bring my homework.我忘記帶作業(yè)了。

I forget bringing my homework.我忘記已把作業(yè)帶來了。

2.remember doing sth.記得做過某事

remember to do sth.記得去做某事(未做)

Please remember to post my letter.請記得把我的信寄走。

I remember posting your letter.我記得把你的信寄出去了。

3.try doing sth.嘗試做某事

try to do sth.盡力做某事

Please try to do better next time.下次請設法做得更好些。

He tried speaking in English.他試著用英語講。

4.hear/see sb. doing sth.聽見/看見某人正在做某事

hear/see sb. do sth. 聽見/看見某人做了某事

I often see him play football 我經(jīng)�？匆娝咔�

I saw him playing football went I passed 當我經(jīng)過的時候，我看見他正在踢球

5.Stop to do sth 停下去做某事

Stop doing sth 停止做某事

Stop to think about it for a moment.停下來想一下這件事。

Stop talking, please.請不要說話。

6.Mean to do sth 打算做某事

Mean doing sth 意味著

I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to.我想去,但我父親不肯讓我去。

Doing that means wasting time.做那件事意味著浪費時間。

現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別

1.在語態(tài)上,現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動意義,過去分詞表示被動意義。

the surprising news令人驚訝的消息

a surprised man一個感到驚訝的人

a moving film一部感人的電影

the moved people被感動的人們

2.在時間上,現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進行的動作,過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成的動作。

the developing country發(fā)展中國家

the developed country發(fā)達國家

the rising sun正在升起的太陽

the risen sun升起來的太陽

易混句式have sb.do sth.,have sb.doing sth.和have sth. done的區(qū)別

1.have sb. do sth.意為“讓某人做某事”,have可以用let,make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具體動作,且強調(diào)動作已經(jīng)完成或尚未發(fā)生。

The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.士兵們讓這個男孩背對他的父親站著。

2.have sb. doing sth.表示“使某人作出某種反應”或“勸說/命令某人做某事”;用于否定句時表示“允許/容忍某人做某事”。

Within minutes he had the whole audience laughing and clapping.短短幾分鐘內(nèi)他就令全體觀眾歡笑、鼓掌。

3.have sth.done意為“讓某事被別人做”,即ask sb.else to do sth.,過去分詞(done)所表示的動作由他人(非主語本身)來完成。

The driver had his car washed once a week.這個司機一周讓人洗一次車。

中考試練

1.To live a low-carbon life, we must remember the lights when we leave the room.

A.to turn off B.turning off C.not to turn off

【答案】A

【解析】句意:為了過低碳生活,我們必須記得要在離開房間的時候關燈。此題考查固定結(jié)構用法。remember to do sth.記得要做某事,remember doing sth.記得做過某事,remember not to do sth.記得不要做某事,根據(jù)前文“為了過低碳生活”可以判斷出,后文是提出的倡議,應該是“記得要關燈”,因此選A。

2.After long years of war, many people in Syria are homeless. I think it important a peaceful world.

A.build B.not build

C.to build D.not to build

【答案】C

【解析】句意:長年戰(zhàn)爭過后,很多敘利亞人變得無家可歸。我認為建設一個和平的世界很重要。本題考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)think+it+adj.+to do sth.結(jié)構可知此處要用不定式作think的真正的賓語,故答案為C項。

3.My parents don’t allow me late.

A.stay up B.to stay up

C.stays up D.staying up

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我的父母不允許我熬夜。本題考查非謂語動詞。allow sb. to do sth.允許某人做某事。

4.Joining a summer camp is a great chance free time with your friends.

A.spend B.spending C.to spend

【答案】C

【解析】句意:參加夏令營是和你的朋友們一起度過空閑時光的好機會。本題考查非謂語動詞。a chance to do sth.意為“一個做某事的機會”,故選擇C。

5.We have worked so long. Shall we stop a rest?

A.have B.to having

C.having D.to have

【答案】D

【解析】句意:我們已經(jīng)工作了那么長時間了。我們停下來休息一下可以嗎?本題考查動詞不定式。stop doing sth.停止正在做的事情,stop to do sth.停止正在做的事情去做另一件事。根據(jù)句意可知是停止工作去休息,故答案為D項。

6.It’s necessary for us to our parents when we have problems.

A.to talk B.talking C.talk

【答案】A

【解析】句意:當我們遇到問題時和父母談談對我們來說是必要的。本題考查非謂語動詞。由固定句型It is+adj.+for sb to do sth.“做某事對于某人來說是……”可知答案為A。

7.Mr.Smith told his son the football match because of the exam.

A.not to watch B.to not watch

C.not watching D.doesn’t watch

【答案】A

【解析】句意:因為考試史密斯先生告訴他兒子不要看足球賽。tell sb. not to do sth.讓某人不要做某事。所以A項符合題意。

8.Nowadays, it’s convenient and cheap for us a shared-bicycle.

A. ride B. to ride C. flying D. to fly

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞不定式。句意：現(xiàn)如今，____共享單車對我們來說是方便并且便宜的。此處考查it作形式主語，真正的主語為不定式。根據(jù)句意和固定短語ride a bicycle可知。故選B。

9.The Smiths have decided a house near the sea.

A. buy B. bought C. buying D. to buy

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞不定式。句意：史密斯一家已經(jīng)決定在海邊____一座房子。“decide to do sth.”是固定搭配，意為“決定做某事”。故選D。

10.The students are used to physical exercises in the morning.

A.do B.doing C.did D.have done

【答案】B

【解析】句意:學生們習慣在早晨進行身體鍛煉。固定短語“be used to doing sth.”意為“習慣做某事”,故本題選擇B。

11.Smoking is not allowed here. Don’t forget your cigarette.

A.to put out B.putting out

C.to put off D.putting off

【答案】A

【解析】句意:這里不允許吸煙。不要忘記熄滅你的煙。put out意為“撲滅,熄滅”;put off意為“推遲”,根據(jù)句意可排除C和D。forget to do sth.意為“忘記要做某事”,故本題選擇A。

12.It took my sister three hours reading this interesting story.

A.to finish B.finished C.finishing D.finish

【答案】A

【解析】句意:我姐姐花費了三個小時讀完這個有趣的故事。固定句型It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.意為“某人花費多長時間做某事”,故本題應選A。

13.—Why is Li Ming practicing speaking English?

— abroad for further study.

A.Go B.Gone C.To go D.Goes

【答案】C

【解析】句意:——李明為什么在練習說英語?——為了出國深造。本題考查不定式作目的狀語的用法。特殊疑問詞why用于提問原因,動詞不定式可用來表示目的,故本題選擇C。

用所給動詞的正確形式填空。

1. The girl always _________ (forget) her things everywhere.

2. The bell _________ (ring) . The students _________ (stop) talking and got ready for the class.

3. Look!It _________ (rain) outside. Neither of us _________ (want) to go boating now.

4. Jim _________ (not finish) reading the book yet. But he _________ (return) it the day after tomorrow.

5. The trees must _________ (plant) and the sand can _________ (stop) from moving toward to the rich farmland.

6. Some trees _________ (cut) down in America now.

7. When your work _________ (do) ,you can _________ (go) and play.

8. He ________(go) to college after he ________(finish) school next year.

9. I have tried three times. Let me ________(try) a fourth time.

10. He was made ________(work) for more than nine hours a day.

【答案】1.forgets.

2.rang;stopped.

3.is raining;wants.

4.hasn’t finished;will return.

5.be planted;be stopped.

6.are being cut.

7.is done;go.

8.will go;finishes.

9.try 10.to work.

1非謂語動詞基本形式

動詞：He asks me to help him often.

謂語 非謂語

1.謂語動詞：時態(tài)/被動語態(tài)

2.非謂語：do/ to do/ doing/ done

2非謂語動詞的判定

非謂語動詞一直是英語學習的難點，也是中考的常考點，主要為動詞不定式和動名詞，在單項填空、詞形填空和詞組翻譯題型中均有涉及。學生在做此類試題時應先分析本題該用謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞，然后才能確定選用動詞的哪種形式或者非謂語的哪種形式。如何確定使用動詞的哪種形式具體講解詳見動詞的時態(tài)，下面列舉幾種常見的判定非謂語動詞形式的方法：

1.如何判定本題該使用謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞：判斷句子是否缺少謂語。

①當句子缺少謂語時，該動詞就用謂語動詞形式。一般情況下，動詞作謂語放在主語之后，如“I love you.”中，love就是謂語動詞。

②當句中已有謂語動詞又沒有并列連詞與所填動詞并列時，該動詞就用非謂語動詞形式。非謂語動詞可以在句子中作除謂語以外的任何成分，如主語、賓語、賓語補足語、表語、定語、狀語及插入語。

3非謂語動詞的分類(不定式，動名詞)

1)不定式

1.不定式的構成

不定式的基本形式為:to+動詞原形,有時可以不用to,這里的to是不定式符號,本身無詞義,動詞不定式的否定形式是not+to+動詞原形。動詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化。

2.不定式的基本用法

用法

說明

例句

作

主

語

動詞不定式作主語時,常用it作形式主語,而將真正的主語放在句末,避免句子頭重腳輕。其結(jié)構為It+be+adj.+to do sth.

To learn English well is useful.

=It is useful to learn English well.

如果要說明不定式表示的動作的執(zhí)行者,可以在不定式前加一個for短語。其結(jié)構為It+be+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.

It is good for you to go out for a walk.

某些表示人的品質(zhì)、特征等的形容詞(如kind,good,nice,wise,clever,polite等)作表語時,不定式之前可以加一個of短語,用來說明動作的執(zhí)行者。其結(jié)構為It+be+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.

It’s not polite of him to speak to old people like that.

兩個或兩個以上的動詞不定式并列時,第一個不定式帶to,后面的不定式通常省略to

To go to sleep early and get up early is a good habit.

作

賓

語

不定式用在及物動詞后作賓語,常見的及物動詞有:begin,choose,continue,decide,expect,fail,forget,hate,help,hope,learn,manage,mean,need,offer,plan,prefer,pretend,promise,refuse,try,afford,agree,start,like等

I can’t afford to buy a digital camera at the moment.

在find,think后跟不定式作賓語時,常用it代替,而將真正的賓語放在后面

I find it easy to read English every day.

作

賓

語

補

足

語

常接不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有:want,ask,tell,allow,get,would like,advise,encourage等

My mother encourages me to learn Japanese.

一些使役動詞和感官動詞也用不定式作賓補,這時不定式要省略to。這些動詞有:一感(feel)、二聽(hear,listen to)、三讓(let,make,have)、四看(look at,see,watch,notice)。但變被動語態(tài)時必須加上to

I often hear Li Ming sing in the next room.

動詞help后面的不定式,既可以帶to,也可以不帶to

You must help me(to)do my homework this afternoon.

作

定

語

作定語的不定式,要放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞之后

I have some clothes to wash.

如果不定式是不及物動詞,且與它所修飾的詞構成邏輯上的被動關系,則不定式要加上相應的介詞

He is looking for a room to live in.

We have a lot of things to talk about.

當不定式修飾的名詞是time,place或way時,不定式后面習慣上省略介詞

My grandma had no place to live(in)in the old days.

不定式修飾 something,anything,nothing時,放在它們的后面,如果something,anything,nothing有形容詞修飾,詞序是“something/anything/nothing+形容詞+不定式”

I had something cold to drink.

作

狀

語

不定式作目的狀語時可放在句首或句尾

To be a good student,one must study hard.

和某些形容詞連用構成“be+形容詞+不定式”結(jié)構,作原因狀語

We are sorry to trouble you.

作程度或結(jié)果狀語時,常與enough(表示肯定)或too(表示否定)連用

He is old enough to go to school.

He is too young to go to school.

作表語

表示主語的“職業(yè)、職責或性質(zhì)”等,通常對連系動詞前面的名詞進行解釋說明

His wish is to become a doctor.

和疑問

詞連用

不定式常和疑問詞what,which,when,where,how連用,在句中擔當主語、賓語、表語等成分

He didn't know where to go.

=He didn't know where he should go.

動詞不定式的特殊句型:

①too…to… “太……而不能……”。

如：The boy is too young to look after himself. 那個男孩太小而不能照顧自己。

②…enough to…“……足夠……”。

如：He is old enough to go to school. 他足夠大能去上學了。

③Why don’t you +省略to的不定式?=Why not +省略to的不定式?為什么不……呢?

如：Why don't you get her a photo album? =Why not get her a photo album? 為什么不給她買個相冊呢?

④had better+(not)+省略to的不定式。最好(不要)做……

如：You'd better not stay here today. 你今天最好別待在這兒。

⑤Will you please+省略to的不定式?你愿意……嗎?

如：Will you please close the door? 能請你把門關上嗎?

⑥prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. “寧愿做某事而不愿做某事”

如：I prefer to do more work rather than do nothing at home.我寧愿做更多的工作也不愿在家無所事事。

⑦It is+adj.+for/of sb.+to do.“做某事是……的”

如：It is necessary for us to brush our teeth twice a day.一天刷兩次牙對我們是有必要的。

It+be+形容詞+不定式

It’s hard to say which one is better.很難說哪一個更好。

It+be+名詞+不定式

It was great fun to have a picnic there. 在那里野餐很有意思。

It+動詞+名詞/副詞+不定式

It took me 2 hours to finish my homework. 完成作業(yè)花了我兩個小時的時間。

2).動名詞

1作主語

單獨作主語時，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式;如果并列的動名詞(短語)作主語, 謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。如：

Reading in bed is not good for your eyes.在床上看書對你的眼睛不好。

Reading and writing are necessary for us. 讀書和寫作對我們很有必要。

2作表語

動名詞(短語)作表語可以轉(zhuǎn)化為動名詞(短語)作主語。如：

His favorite sport is playing ping-pong.=Playing ping-pong is his favorite sport.他最喜歡的運動是打乒乓球。

3作賓語

動詞賓語, 多用來表示習慣性動作。如：

I like playing football very much.我非常喜歡踢足球。

常跟動名詞作賓語的動詞有：

enjoy喜歡

mind 介意

finish 完成

keep持續(xù)

suggest 建議

practice 練習

consider考慮

miss錯過

imagine想象

avoid避免

can’t help忍不住

go on 繼續(xù)

be worth值得

be busy忙于

give up放棄

succeed in成功，設法

look forward to期待

be used to習慣于

end up以……結(jié)束

put off推遲

pay attention to注意

be interested in對……感興趣

注意：含有介詞to的固定短語：

make (a) contribution (s) to 為……做貢獻

devote oneself to 獻身，致力于……

look forward to 期待，盼望

preferto 比起……更喜歡……

be used to 習慣……，適應……

pay attention to注意

某些動詞后接不定式和動名詞的區(qū)別

1.forget doing sth.忘記做過某事

forget to do sth.忘記要做某事(未做)

I forget to bring my homework.我忘記帶作業(yè)了。

I forget bringing my homework.我忘記已把作業(yè)帶來了。

2.remember doing sth.記得做過某事

remember to do sth.記得去做某事(未做)

Please remember to post my letter.請記得把我的信寄走。

I remember posting your letter.我記得把你的信寄出去了。

3.try doing sth.嘗試做某事

try to do sth.盡力做某事

Please try to do better next time.下次請設法做得更好些。

He tried speaking in English.他試著用英語講。

4.hear/see sb. doing sth.聽見/看見某人正在做某事

hear/see sb. do sth. 聽見/看見某人做了某事

I often see him play football 我經(jīng)�？匆娝咔�

I saw him playing football went I passed 當我經(jīng)過的時候，我看見他正在踢球

5.Stop to do sth 停下去做某事

Stop doing sth 停止做某事

Stop to think about it for a moment.停下來想一下這件事。

Stop talking, please.請不要說話。

6.Mean to do sth 打算做某事

Mean doing sth 意味著

I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to.我想去,但我父親不肯讓我去。

Doing that means wasting time.做那件事意味著浪費時間。

現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別

1.在語態(tài)上,現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動意義,過去分詞表示被動意義。

the surprising news令人驚訝的消息

a surprised man一個感到驚訝的人

a moving film一部感人的電影

the moved people被感動的人們

2.在時間上,現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進行的動作,過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成的動作。

the developing country發(fā)展中國家

the developed country發(fā)達國家

the rising sun正在升起的太陽

the risen sun升起來的太陽

易混句式have sb.do sth.,have sb.doing sth.和have sth. done的區(qū)別

1.have sb. do sth.意為“讓某人做某事”,have可以用let,make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具體動作,且強調(diào)動作已經(jīng)完成或尚未發(fā)生。

The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.士兵們讓這個男孩背對他的父親站著。

2.have sb. doing sth.表示“使某人作出某種反應”或“勸說/命令某人做某事”;用于否定句時表示“允許/容忍某人做某事”。

Within minutes he had the whole audience laughing and clapping.短短幾分鐘內(nèi)他就令全體觀眾歡笑、鼓掌。

3.have sth.done意為“讓某事被別人做”,即ask sb.else to do sth.,過去分詞(done)所表示的動作由他人(非主語本身)來完成。

The driver had his car washed once a week.這個司機一周讓人洗一次車。

中考試練

1.To live a low-carbon life, we must remember the lights when we leave the room.

A.to turn off B.turning off C.not to turn off

【答案】A

【解析】句意:為了過低碳生活,我們必須記得要在離開房間的時候關燈。此題考查固定結(jié)構用法。remember to do sth.記得要做某事,remember doing sth.記得做過某事,remember not to do sth.記得不要做某事,根據(jù)前文“為了過低碳生活”可以判斷出,后文是提出的倡議,應該是“記得要關燈”,因此選A。

2.After long years of war, many people in Syria are homeless. I think it important a peaceful world.

A.build B.not build

C.to build D.not to build

【答案】C

【解析】句意:長年戰(zhàn)爭過后,很多敘利亞人變得無家可歸。我認為建設一個和平的世界很重要。本題考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)think+it+adj.+to do sth.結(jié)構可知此處要用不定式作think的真正的賓語,故答案為C項。

3.My parents don’t allow me late.

A.stay up B.to stay up

C.stays up D.staying up

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我的父母不允許我熬夜。本題考查非謂語動詞。allow sb. to do sth.允許某人做某事。

4.Joining a summer camp is a great chance free time with your friends.

A.spend B.spending C.to spend

【答案】C

【解析】句意:參加夏令營是和你的朋友們一起度過空閑時光的好機會。本題考查非謂語動詞。a chance to do sth.意為“一個做某事的機會”,故選擇C。

5.We have worked so long. Shall we stop a rest?

A.have B.to having

C.having D.to have

【答案】D

【解析】句意:我們已經(jīng)工作了那么長時間了。我們停下來休息一下可以嗎?本題考查動詞不定式。stop doing sth.停止正在做的事情,stop to do sth.停止正在做的事情去做另一件事。根據(jù)句意可知是停止工作去休息,故答案為D項。

6.It’s necessary for us to our parents when we have problems.

A.to talk B.talking C.talk

【答案】A

【解析】句意:當我們遇到問題時和父母談談對我們來說是必要的。本題考查非謂語動詞。由固定句型It is+adj.+for sb to do sth.“做某事對于某人來說是……”可知答案為A。

7.Mr.Smith told his son the football match because of the exam.

A.not to watch B.to not watch

C.not watching D.doesn’t watch

【答案】A

【解析】句意:因為考試史密斯先生告訴他兒子不要看足球賽。tell sb. not to do sth.讓某人不要做某事。所以A項符合題意。

8.Nowadays, it’s convenient and cheap for us a shared-bicycle.

A. ride B. to ride C. flying D. to fly

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞不定式。句意：現(xiàn)如今，____共享單車對我們來說是方便并且便宜的。此處考查it作形式主語，真正的主語為不定式。根據(jù)句意和固定短語ride a bicycle可知。故選B。

9.The Smiths have decided a house near the sea.

A. buy B. bought C. buying D. to buy

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞不定式。句意：史密斯一家已經(jīng)決定在海邊____一座房子。“decide to do sth.”是固定搭配，意為“決定做某事”。故選D。

10.The students are used to physical exercises in the morning.

A.do B.doing C.did D.have done

【答案】B

【解析】句意:學生們習慣在早晨進行身體鍛煉。固定短語“be used to doing sth.”意為“習慣做某事”,故本題選擇B。

11.Smoking is not allowed here. Don’t forget your cigarette.

A.to put out B.putting out

C.to put off D.putting off

【答案】A

【解析】句意:這里不允許吸煙。不要忘記熄滅你的煙。put out意為“撲滅,熄滅”;put off意為“推遲”,根據(jù)句意可排除C和D。forget to do sth.意為“忘記要做某事”,故本題選擇A。

12.It took my sister three hours reading this interesting story.

A.to finish B.finished C.finishing D.finish

【答案】A

【解析】句意:我姐姐花費了三個小時讀完這個有趣的故事。固定句型It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.意為“某人花費多長時間做某事”,故本題應選A。

13.—Why is Li Ming practicing speaking English?

— abroad for further study.

A.Go B.Gone C.To go D.Goes

【答案】C

【解析】句意:——李明為什么在練習說英語?——為了出國深造。本題考查不定式作目的狀語的用法。特殊疑問詞why用于提問原因,動詞不定式可用來表示目的,故本題選擇C。

用所給動詞的正確形式填空。

1. The girl always _________ (forget) her things everywhere.

2. The bell _________ (ring) . The students _________ (stop) talking and got ready for the class.

3. Look!It _________ (rain) outside. Neither of us _________ (want) to go boating now.

4. Jim _________ (not finish) reading the book yet. But he _________ (return) it the day after tomorrow.

5. The trees must _________ (plant) and the sand can _________ (stop) from moving toward to the rich farmland.

6. Some trees _________ (cut) down in America now.

7. When your work _________ (do) ,you can _________ (go) and play.

8. He ________(go) to college after he ________(finish) school next year.

9. I have tried three times. Let me ________(try) a fourth time.

10. He was made ________(work) for more than nine hours a day.

【答案】1.forgets.

2.rang;stopped.

3.is raining;wants.

4.hasn’t finished;will return.

5.be planted;be stopped.

6.are being cut.

7.is done;go.

8.will go;finishes.

9.try 10.to work.

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