一，副詞的分類

按詞匯意義劃分可分為:

時(shí)間副詞

1)(Adverb of time),如 ago, ahead, before, behind, beside, below, soon, now, recently, sometime, today, tomorrow, tonight, then, yesterday 等。

2)頻度副詞

(Adverb of frequency),如 always, constantly, ever, frequently, hardly, never, occasionally, often, rarely, seldom, sometimes, twice, usually 等。

3)地點(diǎn)副詞

(Adverb of place),如 above, abroad, down, downstairs, everywhere, here, home, in, inside, out, outdoors, there, up, upstairs等。

4) 疑問(wèn)副詞

(Adverb of question),如 how, when, where, why 等。

5) 方式副詞

(Adverb of manner), 如 angrily, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, easily, fast, happily, hurrie dly, loud, loudly, quickly,quietly, rapidly, slowly, slightly, suddenly, well 等。

6) 程度副詞

Adverb of degree),如 a little, almost, completely, deeply, enough, extremely, fairly, fine and, good and, greatly, hardly, just, much, nearly, partly, pretty, quite, rather, so, terribly, too, very, very much 等。

7) 連接副詞

(Conjunctive adverb), 如 however, besides, furthermore, so, therefore, when, whenever, where, wherever, whether, why, moreover, never the less, then, thus,等。

8)解說(shuō)副詞

(Explanatory adverb), 如as, namely 等。

 

句法功能

1. 作狀語(yǔ)。

修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、連詞或整個(gè)句子:

I thinkdifferently.

我有不同想法。(修飾動(dòng)詞)

The book isveryinteresting.

這本書很有趣。(修飾形容詞)

She leftshortlyafter the meeting.

會(huì)議剛結(jié)束她就走了。(修飾介詞)

He fellmainlybecause he ate too much.

他病了,主要因?yàn)槌缘奶�多�?修飾連詞)

Happily, he was not in the house then.

幸運(yùn)的是他當(dāng)時(shí)不在那房子里。(修飾句子)

2.作表語(yǔ)。

表示位置的副詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí),說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)或特征above, across, inside,upstairs;表示動(dòng)作方向的副詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí),是表動(dòng)作意義up, down, on, in,off, out。

The war is still on .

戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)還在進(jìn)行。

Summer is over.It’s autumn.

夏天過(guò)去�，F(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是秋天了。

The gas is off.

煤氣關(guān)上了。

The village is ten miles off .

離那個(gè)村莊 10 里路。

3. 作介詞賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

某些可以表示位置的副詞可以在 over, out, up, under, from, in, near, on, around, down, along 等后作介詞的賓語(yǔ);某些時(shí)間副詞可以在 by, from, except, before, after, till, since 等后作介詞賓語(yǔ);副詞還可與作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)或介詞 with 和 without 的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

It’s not far from here.

You can leave the goods anywhere but there.

She looked everywhere except there.

I didn’t know her until quite recently.

I went to her room only to find her out.

The woman walked along the river with her head down.

4. 作定語(yǔ)。

修飾名詞或代詞,副詞修飾名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)常放在名詞后。

Write your name in the place below.

把你的名字寫在下面的空格處。

I had to get off and take the bus behind.

我不得不下車上后面的公共汽車。

 

副詞的位置

1.

表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的副詞一般放在句尾,并且。地點(diǎn)和時(shí)間的內(nèi)部,又按的順序排列。強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí),它們也可放在句首。如:

Will you be free tomorrow?

你明天有空嗎?

He lives at 75 Xiangchun Road, Changsha.

他住在長(zhǎng)沙市湘春路 75 號(hào)。

2.

頻度副詞一般放在行為動(dòng)詞之前,助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞 be 之后。如:

Hesometimesgoes there on business.

他有時(shí)到那里出差。

He hasneverbeen late.

他從未遲到過(guò)。

I wasneververy good at maths.

我的數(shù)學(xué)從來(lái)不好。

3.

程度副詞一般放在所修飾的形容詞或副詞之前,助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞,be 之后。如:

The film wasquitegood.

那影片相當(dāng)好。

The lecture wasfairlygood.

報(bào)告相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)。

It’s arathersad story.

這是一個(gè)相當(dāng)凄慘的故事。

4.

修飾動(dòng)詞的方式副詞一般放在動(dòng)詞(及其賓語(yǔ))之后，有時(shí)也放在動(dòng)詞之前。如:

We must learn to speak Englishfluentlyandcorrectly.

我們應(yīng)當(dāng)學(xué)講流利正確的英語(yǔ)。

Theywarmlywelcomed me at their offices.

他們?cè)谵k公室熱烈歡迎了我。

5.

由動(dòng)詞與副詞一起所構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞帶賓語(yǔ)時(shí),若賓語(yǔ)是名詞則副詞放在名詞的前后都行;若賓語(yǔ)是代詞,副詞只能放在代詞之后。如:

I need a few days to thinkoveryour proposal.

= I need a few days to think your proposalover.

我需要幾天時(shí)間來(lái)考慮你的建議。

I need a few days to think itover.

我需要幾天時(shí)間來(lái)考慮它。(不能說(shuō) thinkover it)

6

. 地點(diǎn)副詞做定語(yǔ)時(shí),須放在所修飾的名詞或代詞之后。如:

The peoplethereare very friendly.

那兒的人很友好。

7.

修飾句子的副詞一般放在句首。如:

Frankly, I am not satisfied with it.

坦白說(shuō),我對(duì)此不滿意。

Luckilyit was not so hot.

幸好那天不太熱。

SeriouslyI wish to work here.

說(shuō)正經(jīng)的,我愿意在這里工作。

8.

疑問(wèn)副詞常放在句首構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句。如:

Howdid you enjoy your Christmas?

圣誕節(jié)過(guò)得如何?

Whyhaven’t you been to see me all this time?

你為什么一直沒(méi)來(lái)看我?

9.

關(guān)系副詞和連接副詞一般放在從句的開(kāi)頭。如:

I askedhowhe was getting on.

我問(wèn)他情況怎樣。(連接副詞引起賓語(yǔ)從句)

These are the reasonswhywe do it.

這些就是我們這樣做的理由。(關(guān)系副詞引起定語(yǔ)從句)

10.

方式副詞、地點(diǎn)副詞、時(shí)間副詞等用在一起時(shí),通常是方式副詞在前,地點(diǎn)副詞在中間,時(shí)間副詞在最后。如:

The boy readquietly over there all afternoon.

這男孩整個(gè)下午都在那 兒靜靜地看書。

 

副詞的級(jí)

1.副詞級(jí)的構(gòu)成

副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化形式與形容詞基本上一樣

1)副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的規(guī)則形式

副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的規(guī)則形式的構(gòu)成與形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)基本相似。單音節(jié)詞通常采用綜合形式,如:

hard→harder →hardest

fast→faster →fastest

late→later →latest

early→earlier →earliest

但是開(kāi)放類副詞即以后綴-ly 結(jié)尾的副詞不能像形容詞那樣加-er 或-est,如:

quickly →more quickly →most quickly

quietly →more quietly →most quietly

Note:early 與 slowly 中的-ly 不是后綴,故可以把 y 變 i 再加 er 和 est

2)副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的不規(guī)則形式

well →better →best

much →more →most

badly →worse →worst

little →less →least

2.副詞級(jí)的用法

1)副詞的比較級(jí)。

副詞的比較級(jí)和形容詞比較級(jí)的用法基本一樣,其基本模式是“副詞比較級(jí)+than-分句”,如:

He works harder than I.

他比我工作努力。

Lucy gets up earlier than Lili.

露西比麗麗起床早。

He dives deeper than his teammates.

他比他的隊(duì)員潛水深。

It's true that he speak English more fluently than any of us.

他英語(yǔ)講的確實(shí)比我們?nèi)魏稳硕己谩?/p>

2)副詞的最高級(jí)。

副詞最高級(jí)的用法和形容詞最高級(jí)的用法基本一樣 是由“ the +副詞最高 級(jí)+比較范圍”構(gòu)成 表示對(duì)三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上人或物的比較,但副詞最高級(jí)形 式句中 the 可以省略。如:

He runs fastest in our class.

他在我們班跑地最快。

Our school team play football best in our region.

我們校隊(duì)在我們地區(qū)足球踢得最好的。

3)副詞的同級(jí)比較。

同級(jí)比較的基本模式為“as+副詞原級(jí)+as-分句”,其否定形式為“not+as so+副詞原級(jí)+as-分句”,如:

This car runs as fast as that one.

這輛車沒(méi)有那輛車跑得快。

John doesn’t behave as/so politely as Bob.

約翰沒(méi)有鮑勃禮貌。

 

同步練習(xí)

1. He often works ___ into the night, which moves us ___.

A. deep; deep

B. deeply; deeply

C. deep; deeply

D. deeply; deep

2. It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood ___ to her mother.

A. close

B. closely

C. closed

D. closing

3. He'd like to sleep with the window ___ at night.

A. open wide

B. open widely

C. wide open

D. opened wide

4. When you drive home, you can't be ___ careful.

A. very

B. too

C. so

D. only

5. In that case, there is nothing you can do ___ than wait.

A. more

B. other

C. better

D. any

6. Such a problem is ___ difficult for a primary school student ___.

A. so; to work

B. very too; to work out

C. rather too; to work out

D. quite too; to answer

7. I've got ___ work to do on a ___ cold day.

A. much too;much too

B. too much;too much

C. too much;much too

D. much too;too much

8. The boy was ___ eager to get a geography book.

A. more

B. too

C. much

D. far

9. ___ to my regret, I am unable to accept your warm invitation.

A. Very

B. Much

C. Great

D. A lot

10. There was no news; ___ , she did not give up hope.

A. moreover

B. therefore

C. but

D. nevertheless

11. The guide told us that he would organize some business men abroad ___ next week.

A. at time

B. some time

C. sometimes

D. sometimes

12. --Is the bus stop far from here?

-- It's a quarter's walk, ___ .

A. more and more

B. and so on

C. all together

D. more or less

13. Qingdao is ___ beautiful city in summer.

A. most

B. a most

C. the most

D. much

14. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, ___ great it is.

A. what

B. how

C. however

D. whatever

15. Wei Hua told me that Wu Dong was ___ ill.

A. terrible

B. very terrible

C. terribly

D. too terrible

參考答案:

1~5 CACBB

6~10 CCBBD

11~15 BDBCC

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