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n = 名詞，noun的縮寫

u = 不可數名詞，uncountable noun的縮寫

c = 可數名詞，countable noun的縮寫

v = 動詞， verb的縮寫

vi = 不及物動詞，intransitive verb的縮寫

vt = 及物動詞，transitive verb的縮寫

aux.v = 助動詞 ，auxiliary verb的縮寫

model verb情態(tài)動詞

conj = 連接詞 ，conjunction的縮寫

adj. = 形容詞，adjective的縮寫

adv.= 副詞，adverb的縮寫

art. = 冠詞，article的縮寫

prep = 介詞;preposition的縮寫

pron = 代名詞，pronoun的縮寫

num = 數詞，numeral的縮寫

int. = 感嘆詞，interjection的縮寫

英文基本句式介紹

五個基本句式可以演變出多種復雜的英語句子。這五個基本句式如下：

1．S十V

在此句式中，V是不及物動詞，又叫自動詞(vi.)。例如：

He runs quickly.他跑得快。

They listened carefully.他們聽得很仔細。

He suffered from cold and hunger.他挨凍受餓。

China belongs to the third world country.中國屬于第三世界國家。

The gas has given out.煤氣用完了。

My ink has run out.我的鋼筆水用完了。

2．S十V十P

在此句式中，V是系動詞(link v.)，常見的系動詞有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，become，turn等。例如：

He is older than he looks.他比看上去要老。

He seen interested in the book.他似乎對這本書感興趣。

The story sounds interesting.這個故事聽起來有趣。

The desk feels hard.書桌摸起來很硬。

The cake tastes nice.餅嘗起來很香。

The flowers smell sweet and nice.花聞起來香甜。

You have grown taller than before.你長得比以前高了。

He has suddenly fallen ill.他突然病倒了。

He stood quite still.他靜靜地站看。

He becomes a teacher when he grew up.他長大后當了教師。

He could never turn traitor to his country.他永遠不會背叛他的祖國。

3．S十V十O

在此句式中，V是及物動詞(vt.)，因此有賓語。例如：

I saw a film yesterday.我昨天看了一部電影。

Have you read the story?你讀過這個故事嗎?

They found their home easily.他們很容易找到他們的家。

They built a house last year.他們去年建了一所房子。

They‘ve put up a factory in the village.他們在村里建了一座工廠。

They have taken good care of the children.這些孩子他們照看得很好。

You should look after your children well.你應該好好照看你的孩子。

4．S十V十O1十O2

在此句式中，V是帶有雙賓語的及物動詞。常見的須帶雙賓語的動詞有give，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get;rob，warn等。例如：

He gave me a book/a book to me.他給我一本書。

He brought me a pen/a pen to me.他帶給我一枝鋼筆。

He offered me his seat/his seat to me.他把座位讓給我。

注意下邊動詞改寫后介詞的變化：

Mother bought me a book/a book for me.媽媽給我買了一本書。

He got me a chair/a chair for me.他給我弄了一把椅子。

Please do me a favor/a favor for me.請幫我一下。

He asked me a question/a question of me.他問我個問題。

注意，下邊動詞只有一種說法：

They robbed the old man of his money.他們搶了老人的錢。

He’s warned me of the danger.他警告我注意危險。

The doctor has cured him of his disease.醫(yī)生治好了他的病。

We must rid the house of the rats.我們必須趕走屋里的老鼠。

They deprived him of his right to speak.他們剝奪了他說話的權利。

5．S十V十O十C

在此句式中，V是有賓語補足語的及物動詞。常帶賓語補足語的詞有形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、名詞、不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞,請看下面的例子。

They made the girl angry.他們使這個女孩生氣了。

They found her happy that day.他們發(fā)現那天她很高興。

I found him out.我發(fā)現他出去了。

I saw him in.我見他在家。

They saw a foot mark in the sand.他們發(fā)現沙地上有腳印。

They named the boy Charlie.他們給這個男孩起名為查理。

I saw him come in and go out.我見他進來又出去。

They felt the car moving fast.他們感到汽車行駛得很快。

I heard the glass broken just now.我剛才聽到玻璃碎了。

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