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2023年初中英語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句專(zhuān)項(xiàng)語(yǔ)法講解

來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2023-07-08 20:44:40

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一.賓語(yǔ)從句的定義

置于動(dòng)詞、介詞等詞性后面起賓語(yǔ)作用的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序必須是陳述語(yǔ)序。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、介詞、動(dòng)詞不定式,v.-ing形式后面都能帶賓語(yǔ)從句。有些形容詞(afraid,sure,glad等)之后也可以帶賓語(yǔ)從句。

1.語(yǔ)序

無(wú)論主句是陳述句還是疑問(wèn)句,賓語(yǔ)從句都必須使用陳述語(yǔ)序,即“主句+連詞+賓語(yǔ)從句(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+……)”句式。根據(jù)連接詞在從句中所擔(dān)任的不同成分,可分為以下四種:

1)連接詞+謂語(yǔ)。

連接詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的連接詞有: who,what,which等。如:

Could you tell me who knows the answer,please?你能告訴我誰(shuí)知道答案嗎?

The small children don\\\\'t know what is in their stockings.這些小孩子不知道襪子里有什么東西?

2)連接詞+名詞+謂語(yǔ)。

連接詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的連接詞有:whose,what,which,how many,how much等。如:

He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他問(wèn)我們班上誰(shuí)的書(shū)法最好。

The teacher asked us how many people there were in theroom.老師問(wèn)我們房間里有多少人。

3)連接詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)。

連接詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的連接詞有:who(m),what,which,how many,howmuch, when,why,how,where,if /whether(在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分)等。如:

He hasn\\\\'t decided if he\\\\'ll go on a trip to Wuxi.他還沒(méi)決定是否去無(wú)錫旅行。

Could you tell me what I should do with the money ?你能告訴我我如何處理這筆錢(qián)嗎?

4)連接詞+名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)。

連接詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的連接詞有:what,which,how many,how much,how等。如:

Do you know which class he is in ?你知道他在哪個(gè)班嗎?

She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她問(wèn)我是否知道這是誰(shuí)的鋼筆。

2.連接詞

1)當(dāng)由陳述句充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),用that引導(dǎo),that無(wú)詞義,在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中常省略。如:

He said that he could finish his work before supper.他說(shuō)他會(huì)在晚飯前完成工作。

2)當(dāng)由一般疑問(wèn)句充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),用if或whether引導(dǎo),意為“是否”。

如:

I don\\\\'t know if /whether he stilllives here after so many years.我不知道這么多年后他是否還住在這兒。

但在下列情況下只能用whether:

①在具有選擇意義,又有or或or not時(shí),尤其是直接與ornot連用時(shí),往往用whether(if…or not也可以使用)。如:

Let me know whether /if he willcome or not.(=Let me know whether or not he will come)讓我知道他是否能來(lái)。

I don\\\\'t know whether /if he doesany washing or not.(=I don\\\\'t know whether or not he doesany washing.)我不知道他洗不洗衣服。

I wonder whether we stay or whether wego.我不知道我們是去還是留。

②在介詞之后用whether。如:

I\\\\'m interested in whether he likes English.我關(guān)心的是他是否喜歡英語(yǔ)。

We\\\\'re thinking about whether we can finish the work ontime.我們正在考慮是否能按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作。

I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.我擔(dān)心是否傷了她的感情。

③在不定式前用whether。如:

He hasn\\\\'t decided whether to visit the old man.他尚未決定是否拜訪那位老人。

I don\\\\'t know whether to go.我不知去否。

He hasn\\\\'t decided whether to go by bus or by train.他還未決定是乘公共汽車(chē)去還是坐火車(chē)去。

④whether置于句首時(shí),不能換用if。如:

Whether this is true or not,Ican\\\\'t say.這是否真的我說(shuō)不上來(lái)。

⑤引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)宜用whether。如:

Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否能來(lái)還是個(gè)問(wèn)題。

The question is whether we can catch the bus.問(wèn)題是我們能否趕上公共汽車(chē)。

⑥若用if會(huì)引起歧義時(shí),則用whether。如:

Please let me know if you like the book.可理解為:

a.Please let me know whether youlike the book.請(qǐng)告訴我你是否喜歡這本書(shū)。

b.If you like the book,please let me know.你如果喜歡這本書(shū),請(qǐng)告訴我。

3)如果賓語(yǔ)從句原來(lái)是特殊疑問(wèn)句,只需用原來(lái)的特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)。

如:

Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting thismorning?你能告訴我今天早上你為什么開(kāi)會(huì)遲到嗎?

3.時(shí)態(tài)

含賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句,主、從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)應(yīng)包括以下三點(diǎn)內(nèi)容:

1)如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)需要,選用相應(yīng)的任何時(shí)態(tài)。如:

I don\\\\'t know when he will come back.我不知道他將何時(shí)回來(lái)。

He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告訴我他姐姐昨天回來(lái)了。

2)如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只可根據(jù)需要,選用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)即一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)的某一種形式。

如:

①The children didn\\\\'t know who he was.孩子們不知道他是誰(shuí)。

②He asked his father how it happened.他問(wèn)他父親這件事是如何發(fā)生的。

3)如果賓語(yǔ)從句所表示的是客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作等,不管主句用什么時(shí)態(tài),從句時(shí)態(tài)都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

如:

The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老師說(shuō)地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。

4.注意:

if和when既可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,也可以引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句,應(yīng)注意它們?cè)趦煞N從句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),分別意為“是否”和“何時(shí)”,其時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)和主句時(shí)態(tài)相呼應(yīng);它們引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),意思分別為“如果,假如”和“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”,當(dāng)主句時(shí)態(tài)是一般將來(lái)時(shí)時(shí),其時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。它們常常放在含有狀語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句的題干中進(jìn)行綜合考查。如:

—Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ?你知道他明天什么時(shí)候回來(lái)嗎?

—Sorry,I don\\\\'t know.When he comes back,I\\\\'ll tell you.對(duì)不起,不知道。當(dāng)他回來(lái)了,我將告訴你。

—I don\\\\'t know if he will come.我不知道他是否會(huì)來(lái)。

—He will come if it doesn\\\\'t rain.如果不下雨,他會(huì)來(lái)的。

同學(xué)們常會(huì)遇到把含有賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句轉(zhuǎn)化為簡(jiǎn)單句,使其與原句意思相同(或相近)的試題。下面就介紹幾種常用的簡(jiǎn)化賓語(yǔ)從句的方法:

方法一:當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是hope, decide, wish,choose, agree, promise等,且賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:

Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. →Li Ming hopesto be back very soon.

We decided that we would help him. →We decided to helphim.

方法二:當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是know, learn, remember,forget, tell等動(dòng)詞,且主句主語(yǔ)與從句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:

She has forgotten how she can open the window. →She hasforgotten how to open the window.

注:當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是tell, ask, show, teach等動(dòng)詞,且后帶雙賓語(yǔ),從句主語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)一致時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:

Could you tell me how I can get to the station? →Could you tell me how to get to the station?

方法三:當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是order(命令),require(需要)等時(shí),如果主句和從句的主語(yǔ)不一致,賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“名詞(代詞)+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:

The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. →The headmaster ordered us to start at once.

方法四:某些動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句,可以用介詞加動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))等其他形式簡(jiǎn)化。例如:

He insisted that he should go with us. →He insisted ongoing with us.

The poor boy doesn’t know when and where he was born.→The poor boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth.

方法五:某些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為“賓語(yǔ)+V-ing形式(作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:

Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on theground. → Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.

方法六:動(dòng)詞seem后的賓語(yǔ)從句,也可以用不定式(短語(yǔ))來(lái)簡(jiǎn)化,但句型需要進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)淖兓。例如?/p>

It seemed that the boys were going to win. →The boysseemed to win.

除上述方法外,還有一些特殊句式的轉(zhuǎn)化。例如:

I found that it was difficult to learn English well. →Ifound it difficult to learn English well.

Soon we found that the ground was covered with thicksnow. →Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.

They found that the box was very heavy. →They found thebox very heavy

初中英語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng)精選試題

習(xí)題(一)

1 The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink withthem.

A. took B. take C. takes D. will take

2 Catherine said that she ___ to Guangzhou.

A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D.had never been

3 The students want to know whether they___ dictationtoday.

A. had B. has . C. will have D. are

4 She asked Linda if___ go and get some.

A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may

5 Linda said the moon___ round the earth.

A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. hadtravelled

答案:1-5 A D C B C

習(xí)題(二)

1 Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty

A. who B. what C. when D. that

2 I don\\\\'t know ___ they have passed the exam.

A. what B. if C. when D. where

3 I hardly understand. ___ he has told me.

A. that B. what C. which D. who

4 She didn\\\\'t know___ back soon.

A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be

5. I don\\\\'t know _____ he still lives here after so manyyears.

A. whether B where C. what D. when

6. Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening

A. what B when C why D how

7. He asked me _____told me the accident.

A whom B which C who D whose

答案:1-7 C B B A A A C

習(xí)題(三)

1. They don\\\\'t know their parents are.

A that B what C why D which

2. Please tell me ______what last year.

A. where does your sister work B where did your sisterwork C where your sister works D where your sister worked

3. She asked me if I knew ______.

A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it isD. whose pen was it

4. You must remember ________.

A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say

C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said

5 Did you know ____

A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for

C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after

6 Could you tell me ___

A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leaveBeijing

C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leaveBeijing

答案:1-6 B D B A A C

習(xí)題(四)

1. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shop keeper _____Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book. (北京市東城區(qū))

A. that B. how C. whatD. if

2. —I don\\\\'t know _____ Mr. Green will come to see us.

—He will help us with our English. (杭州市)

A. why B. when C. how D. where

3. —We never know _____ the old m an is.

—They say he is a teacher. (鄂州市)

A. what B. who C. which D. where

4. I was told _____ Bill Gates was thirteen he began toplay with computers. (重慶市)

A. that how B. how that C. when that D. that when

5. —Do you know _____ I\\\\'m going to see him.

—Sorry, I don\\\\'t know. (北京市海淀區(qū))

A. where does Mr. Li live B. where did Mr. Li live

C. where Mr. Li lives D. where Mr. Li lived

6. —W here do you think _____ he _____ the computer

—Sorry, I have no idea. (南京市)

A. /; bought B. has; bought C. did; buy D. does; buy

7. I don\\\\'t feel very well. Mum asked me _____ thismorning. (重慶市)

A. what the matter is B. what is wrong

C. what the matter was D. what wrong was

8. —Where is Jack

—He is away to spend his holiday. He\\\\'s gone either toHangzhou or to Wuhan, but I\\\\'m not sure _____ . (南昌市)

A. that B. which C. where D. there

答案:1—4 D A A D 5—8 C A C C

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