來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2022-12-06 12:34:56
there be存在句式的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)
英語(yǔ)中的there be結(jié)構(gòu)主要表示某處存在有某物,所以通常被稱為存在句。其中的there為引導(dǎo)詞,無(wú)詞義,be為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,there be后面的名詞為句子主語(yǔ)。
there存在句式的用法
there be結(jié)構(gòu)的主謂一致問(wèn)題
在there be句型中,若句子只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)則取決于該主語(yǔ)的數(shù);若有幾個(gè)主語(yǔ)并列,則通常是與靠近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。如:
There is no cause for anxiety.不必焦慮。
There is some dirt on your coat.你的外套上有灰塵。
There are twenty children present.在座的有20個(gè)孩子。
There is a teacher and some students over there.那邊有一位老師和一些學(xué)生。
there be結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題
there be結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)態(tài)由其中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be來(lái)體現(xiàn),它可以有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)以及過(guò)去完成時(shí)等多種時(shí)態(tài)形式。如:
There will be a rise in unemployment next year.明年失業(yè)人數(shù)將會(huì)增加。
There have been a series of car accidents at the crossing.在這個(gè)交叉路口已發(fā)生了一連串的車禍。
There had been two sea fights between them.他們之間發(fā)生了兩場(chǎng)海戰(zhàn)。
there be結(jié)構(gòu)與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用
there be結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)可以與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用。如:
There may be an opportunity for you to see the premier.你可能有機(jī)會(huì)見到總理。
There must be something wrong with my left arm, which is asleep.我的左臂發(fā)麻,一定出什么問(wèn)題了。
There used to be a lot of troubles in that region.那個(gè)地區(qū)過(guò)去動(dòng)亂不斷。
there be結(jié)構(gòu)的非謂語(yǔ)形式
there be結(jié)構(gòu)的非謂語(yǔ)形式有兩種基本結(jié)構(gòu),即there being和there to be。一般說(shuō)來(lái),there being結(jié)構(gòu)主要用作狀語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ);There to be結(jié)構(gòu)主要用作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)。如:
There being no further business, I declared the meeting closed.沒有更進(jìn)一步的情況(討論),我就宣布閉會(huì)。
There is now some hope of there being a settlement of the dispute.現(xiàn)在有點(diǎn)希望可以解決這次爭(zhēng)端。
We expect there to be more discussion about this.我們期望能對(duì)此展開更多的討論。
注:用作介詞賓語(yǔ)一般用there being,但用作介詞for的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),只能用there to be。比較:
They planned on there being another meeting.他們打算再開一次會(huì)議。
They planned for there to be another meeting.他們打算再開一次會(huì)議。
There be句式的特殊用法
1. There be存在句:——最原始最典型的倒裝
談到倒裝句,人們都不陌生,認(rèn)為它是一個(gè)很重要的句式。其實(shí),在一個(gè)人剛剛開始學(xué)英語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,就已經(jīng)學(xué)到了真正意義上的倒裝句:There be句型。
There is a book on the desk.去掉引導(dǎo)詞There,原來(lái)的倒裝句則變成:A book is on the desk.
What is there on the desk?實(shí)際等于說(shuō):What is on the desk?
There be是倒裝句,表存在,不必細(xì)說(shuō)。
2. There +不及物動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ):——最常見的倒裝
There lived an man in the forest long ago.很久以前,森林中住著一位老人。
There stands a temple on the top of the mountain.山頂上有一座廟。
There goes the bell. Let’s have our class.鈴聲響了,我們上課吧。
最后一句There goes the bell. There除了引起句子結(jié)構(gòu)的倒裝外,還提醒聽者注意。
3.“There + be +過(guò)去分詞+主語(yǔ)”和“There + be +過(guò)去分詞+主語(yǔ)”——最特殊的倒裝
▲“There + be +過(guò)去分詞+主語(yǔ)”,其實(shí)是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的變式,去掉引導(dǎo)詞There,還原本來(lái)面目。現(xiàn)在,我直接使用網(wǎng)友的句子為例:
There are now published millions of books very year in China .
等于:Millions of books are now published very year in China.
On the following day, there was held a splendid banquet.
等于:On the following day, a splendid banquet was held.
There was shownat the exhibition an electronic computer made in Shanghai .
等于:An electronic computer made in Shanghai was shownat the exhibition.
▲“There + be +現(xiàn)在分詞+主語(yǔ)”,其實(shí)是不及物動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的變式,去掉引導(dǎo)詞There,還原本來(lái)面目�,F(xiàn)在,我直接使用網(wǎng)友的句子為例:
There were running in the garden a group of children aged from seven to twelve.
等于:A group of children aged from seven to twelve were running in the garden.
【我的觀點(diǎn)】任何事物的出現(xiàn)都是有原因的,語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象亦然。我認(rèn)為,there的上述用法,體現(xiàn)了語(yǔ)言的3個(gè)方面。概括起來(lái),不外乎以下幾個(gè)原因:
語(yǔ)用方面:There置于句首,具有提示、提醒作用。如:There goes the bell. Let’s have our class.
2.修辭方面:There置于句首,旨在使句子勻稱。如:There was shown at the exhibition an electronic computer made in Shanghai.
若說(shuō):An electronic computer made in Shanghai was shown at the exhibition.會(huì)顯得頭重腳輕。
3.語(yǔ)法方面:There置于句首,改變句子的正常結(jié)構(gòu)。去掉引導(dǎo)詞There之后,變成正常語(yǔ)序,以上三種情況的例句,分別為:
(1)There is a book on the desk.→A book is on the desk.
(2)There lived an old man in the forest long ago.→An old man lived in the forest long ago.
(3)There are now published millions of books very year in China .→Millions of books are now published very year in China.
【說(shuō)明】There置于句首,如果沒有實(shí)際詞匯意義,往往引起句子結(jié)構(gòu)的倒裝。如果有實(shí)際詞匯意義(“在那里”),則不然。試比較:
There stands a temple on the top of the mountain. (There沒有實(shí)際意義)
There I saw my old friend Tom. (There表示“在那里”)
“there be+名詞+動(dòng)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)用法歸納
1.there be+賓語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞。
現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)關(guān)系,同時(shí)表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行:
There is someone waiting for him.有人在等他。
There was a man standing in front of me.我前面站著一個(gè)男人。
There were some children swimming in the river.有些小孩在河里游泳。
There were a group of young people working in the fields.有一群青年在地里勞動(dòng)。
有時(shí)現(xiàn)在分詞可表示一種狀態(tài):
There’s a piano standing against the wall.靠墻有一架鋼琴。
There’re a lot of difficulties facing us.我們面前有很多困難。
There is a door leading to the garden.有一座門通往花園。
有個(gè)別現(xiàn)在分詞用于該結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)可以表示將來(lái)(正如它們可用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)一樣):
There are ten people coming to dinner.有10個(gè)人來(lái)吃晚飯。
2.there be+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞。
過(guò)去分詞表示一種被動(dòng)關(guān)系,同時(shí)表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生:
There is nothing written on it.上面沒寫東西。
There were ten people killed in the accident.事故中有10人喪生。
有時(shí)過(guò)去分詞也可表示一種狀態(tài)(可轉(zhuǎn)換成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)):
There were some old men seated (=who were seated) in the back.有些老人坐在后面。
There is a red car parked (=which is parked) outside the house.房子外邊停著一輛紅色汽車。
3.there be+賓語(yǔ)+不定式。
不定式通常表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生:
There was nobody to look after the child.沒有人照顧這孩子。
There was a large crowd to send him off.有一大群人要來(lái)給他送行。
There was so much to lose that we couldn’t take any risks.可能會(huì)有很大的損失,因此我們不能冒險(xiǎn)。
【注】當(dāng)其中的賓語(yǔ)與其后的不定式為被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí),可用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng),也可用被動(dòng)式:
There is much work to do [to be done].有許多工作要做。
有時(shí)其中的不定式為系表結(jié)構(gòu):
There is nothing to be afraid of.沒什么可怕的。
What was there to be afraid of.有什么可怕的?
There’s nothing to be ashamed of.沒有什么值得羞愧的。
歡迎使用手機(jī)、平板等移動(dòng)設(shè)備訪問(wèn)中考網(wǎng),2025中考一路陪伴同行!>>點(diǎn)擊查看
歡迎掃描二維碼
關(guān)注中考網(wǎng)微信
ID:zhongkao_com
歡迎掃描二維碼
關(guān)注高考網(wǎng)微信
ID:www_gaokao_com
歡迎微信掃碼
關(guān)注初三學(xué)習(xí)社
中考網(wǎng)官方服務(wù)號(hào)
廣告合作請(qǐng)加微信:17310823356
京ICP備09042963號(hào)-13京公網(wǎng)安備 11010802027853號(hào)
違法和不良信息舉報(bào)電話:010-56762110 舉報(bào)郵箱:wzjubao@tal.com
中考網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有Copyright©2005-2021 ufufutuushin.net. All Rights Reserved.