1、直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)：

在陳述句中,直接引用說(shuō)話人原來(lái)的語(yǔ)句,稱為直接引語(yǔ)。在書(shū)寫(xiě)時(shí),直接引語(yǔ)用引號(hào)。用自己的詞語(yǔ)來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)述表達(dá)原來(lái)說(shuō)話人說(shuō)的內(nèi)容,稱為間接引語(yǔ)。

2、直接引語(yǔ)改變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)：

1、直接引語(yǔ)如果是陳述句,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下各點(diǎn)：

①不用引號(hào),而用連接詞that,但有時(shí)可省略。

②人稱作相應(yīng)變化;

③主句里的動(dòng)詞如果是過(guò)去時(shí),間接引語(yǔ)中的時(shí)態(tài)一般應(yīng)作相應(yīng)改變： 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變一般過(guò)去時(shí);一般將來(lái)時(shí)變過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí);現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí);現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)變成過(guò)去完成時(shí);一般過(guò)去時(shí)變成過(guò)去完成時(shí);但一般過(guò)去時(shí)如與一個(gè)具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間連用,則時(shí)態(tài)不變。

如：He says,"I am not from the USA.”→He says that he is not from the USA.

Mr Smith said to his girl friend,“ I haven’ t seen you for a long time.”

→Mr Smith said to his girl friend that he had not seen her for a long time.

2、直接引語(yǔ)如果是一般疑問(wèn)句,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),需用從屬連接詞whether或if引導(dǎo),詞序要改變。如：Lin Tao said to Miss Green, "Is it made in China?” →Lin Tao asked Miss Green if it was made in China.

3、直接引語(yǔ)如果是特殊疑問(wèn)句,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),需用疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo),詞序是：連詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)。

如：Lucy said to me, “How can I help?” →Lucy asked me how she could help.

4、直接引語(yǔ)如是祈使句,變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),須將祈使句變?yōu)閯?dòng)詞不定式,并在動(dòng)詞不定式前用tell, ask, order. 如：He said to the little boy,“ Come here, young man! ”

→He asked the little boy to go there.

5、直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),指示代詞以及表示時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的詞或詞組應(yīng)作相應(yīng)變化：

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