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使役動(dòng)詞have， let， make (常用于復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))

1. have的用法

1)have +賓語(yǔ)+do(省略to的不定式)：表示主語(yǔ)“要”“使”“讓”賓語(yǔ)干某事，賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)之間是一種主動(dòng)關(guān)系。

The rich lady had the singer eat with her servants.

這位富有的女士讓這位歌手和她的仆人一起吃飯。

I will have him come and help you.

我會(huì)讓他來幫助你的。

2)have+賓語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞：表示讓某人或物連續(xù)進(jìn)行某動(dòng)作或處于某狀態(tài)中，賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)是一種主動(dòng)關(guān)系。

The two cheats had the lights burning all night long.

這兩個(gè)騙子讓燈整晚亮著。

He had us waiting for him three hours yesterday.

昨天他讓我們一直等了他三個(gè)小時(shí)。

I have them all talking to each other in English.

我鼓勵(lì)他們用英語(yǔ)交談。

3)have +賓語(yǔ)+過去分詞：表示主語(yǔ)的主觀意志，即主語(yǔ)讓別人為自己完成某事，賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，還可以表示主語(yǔ)遭受到來利或不測(cè)的事。

Tom said he had had his TV set repaired.

湯姆修了他的電視機(jī)。(別人修的)

Tom had his wallet stolen on the bus yesterday.

昨天湯姆使他的錢包被偷了。(別人偷的)

4)have+賓語(yǔ)+形容詞/副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)

Please have your tickets ready.

請(qǐng)準(zhǔn)備好你的票。

The Emperor had nothing on.

這位皇帝什么都沒在做。

I am sure I’ll have him in the argument.

2. let的用法

1)let +賓語(yǔ)+do(省to不定式)：表示主語(yǔ)“要”“使”“讓”賓語(yǔ)干某事，賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)之間是一種主動(dòng)關(guān)系。

Let them stay in the classroom and do their exercises themselves.

讓他們自己待在教室里做練習(xí)吧。

Let AB be equal to CD.

假設(shè)AB等于CD.

2)let+賓語(yǔ)+副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)

Let me in and let them out.

讓我進(jìn)來，讓他們出去。

Who let you into the building?

誰讓你進(jìn)到大樓里來的?

3. make的用法

1)make +賓語(yǔ)+do(省to不定式)：表示主語(yǔ)“要”“使”“讓”賓語(yǔ)干某事，賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)之間是一種主動(dòng)關(guān)系。此結(jié)構(gòu)常用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。

The teacher made the naughty boy stand there for an hour.

老師讓這個(gè)調(diào)皮的男孩在那里站了一個(gè)小時(shí)。

The naughty boy was made to stand there for an hour.

這個(gè)調(diào)皮的男孩被讓在那站了一個(gè)小時(shí)。

2)make+賓語(yǔ)+過去分詞，此結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語(yǔ)指人時(shí)常用到反身代詞。

He raised his voice to make himself heard.

他提高嗓音讓自己被聽到。

They will make an important plan known to the public soon.

他們不久就會(huì)讓公眾知道這個(gè)計(jì)劃。

3)make+賓語(yǔ)+形容詞，賓語(yǔ)亦可是從句。

The news made her happy.

這個(gè)消息使她快樂。

He made it clear that he objected to the proposal.

他明確表明他反對(duì)這個(gè)建議。

2

使役意義狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞

get， leave， set， send， keep， drive， etc.

常用于復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中

1. get：使成為/變得某種狀態(tài)或結(jié)果。

I can’t get the old radio to work.

我無法讓那舊收音機(jī)工作起來。(接帶to不定式作賓補(bǔ))

Can you really get that old car going again?

你真能讓那舊車運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)起來嗎?

The farmer got his planting done before the rain came.

那農(nóng)民在雨季前完成了種植。

He got his wrist broken.

他折斷了手腕。(主語(yǔ)發(fā)生了不幸的事)

She soon got the children ready for school.

她迅速使孩子們做好了上學(xué)準(zhǔn)備。

2. leave：使保持/處于某種狀態(tài)

Leave your hat and coat in the hall.

把帽子和外套放在大廳里。

Did you leave the doors and windows firmly fastened?

你把門窗緊緊鎖上了嗎?

Always leave things where you can find them again.

總應(yīng)把東西放在能再次找到的地方。

Who left that window open?

誰讓窗戶開著?

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