■短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

　　1. “動(dòng)詞 介詞/副詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，要把它們作為整體看待，介詞或副詞不可拆開(kāi)或漏掉。如：

　　The patient is being operated on. 病人正在動(dòng)手術(shù)。

　　His request was turned down. 他的要求遭到拒絕。

　　注：這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的還有agree to, ask for, laugh at, listen to, look after, think of, talk about, call on等。常用的由“及物動(dòng)詞 副詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put on, put off, take off, think over, work out, turn out, sell out, use up look up (查詢) 等。

　　2. “動(dòng)詞＋副詞＋介詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，變成變動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，要把它們作為一個(gè)整體看待。如：

　　The poor were looked down upon then. 那時(shí)窮人被人瞧不起。

　　He was looked up to by everyone他被人們所敬仰。

　　注：這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還有：get out of, look out of, get on with，get along with, catch up with, keep up with等。

　　3. “動(dòng)詞 名詞 介詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)動(dòng)詞，變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，既可將短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)作為被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)，也可將短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的名詞作為被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)。如：

　　You must pay attention to your pronunciation. 你必須注意你的發(fā)音。

　　Your pronunciation must be paid attention to.

　　Attention must be paid to your pronunciation.

　　注：這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的還有catch sight of, make use of, make fun of, make friends with, set fire to, take care of, take hold of, take part in, take notice of, keep an eye on等。

　　■當(dāng)主動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)是nobody, no one等含有否定意義的復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)，被動(dòng)句中將其變?yōu)閍nybody，作by的賓語(yǔ)，并將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ǖ谋粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：

　　Nobody can lift this stone. 誰(shuí)也拿不起這塊石頭。

　　誤：The stone can be lifted by nobody.

　　正：The stone can not be lifted by anybody.

　　■當(dāng)否定句中的賓語(yǔ)是anything, anybody, anyone等不定代詞時(shí)，在被動(dòng)句中應(yīng)將其分別變?yōu)閚othing, nobody, no one作主語(yǔ)，并將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榭隙ǖ谋粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：

　　They haven’t done anything to make the river clean.

　　誤：Anything hasn’t been done to make the river clean.

　　正：Nothing has been done to make the river clean.

　　■以who為主語(yǔ)開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句，變被動(dòng)時(shí)，用by whom放在句首：

　　Who wrote this novel? 這部小說(shuō)是誰(shuí)寫(xiě)的？

　　誤：Who was this novel written by?

　　正：By whom was this novel written?

　　■主動(dòng)句中完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，相應(yīng)的被動(dòng)句變?yōu)橥瓿蓵r(shí)態(tài)。如：

　　He has been using this dictionary for ten years. 這本詞典他用了十年了。

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