關(guān)系代詞只能 that 的特殊情況：

　　1.先行詞前有序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)：

　　This is the first gift that my parents bought me.

　　2.先行詞前有形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)：

　　This is the most exciting film that I have ever seen.

　　3. 先行詞是不定代詞something, anything等時(shí).

　　e.g.  Is there anything that you want in this shop

　　4.  先行詞是人和物時(shí), 用that.

　　e.g. He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all.

　　5. 先行詞被all , little , the only , the very(就是，正是), the last 等詞修飾時(shí),只能用that

　　e.g.  This is the last place that I want to visit.

　　6. 特殊疑問(wèn)句以who 或which 開(kāi)頭，只能用that引導(dǎo).

　　Who is the girl that is making a speech on the platform?

　　當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前使用介詞時(shí)：

　　物+介詞+which ;   人+ 介詞 + whom

　　當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前使用介詞時(shí)：

　　e.g.  1. This is the train by which we went to Beijing.

　　2. This is the teacher to whom my mother is talking.

　　3

　　狀語(yǔ)從句

　　一、定義

　　在復(fù)合句中由從句表示的狀語(yǔ)稱(chēng)作狀語(yǔ)從句，它可以用來(lái)修飾謂語(yǔ)（包括非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）、定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，或是整個(gè)句子。

　　二、狀語(yǔ)從句一般分為八大類(lèi)

　　時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句   地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句

　　原因狀語(yǔ)從句   目的狀語(yǔ)從句

　　結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句   條件狀語(yǔ)從句

　　方式狀語(yǔ)從句   讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

　　1. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

　　When  ---當(dāng)……時(shí)候, 通常指某一特定的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，主句與從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。

　　When I opened the window, I saw him come up.

　　When --- 正在……的時(shí)候，突然…。通常主句是進(jìn)行時(shí)或     be about to 時(shí)，在翻譯的時(shí)候，when 可以譯成沒(méi)想到或突然。

　　I was walking along the street , when I met him.

　　When 當(dāng)從句是進(jìn)行時(shí)，主句是一般時(shí)，往往表示不滿(mǎn)。

　　Someone knocked at the door when I was having breakfast.

　　When=after

　　When the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons.

　　While ---在……期間，往往指一段時(shí)間。

　　While we were inAmerica, we saw him twice.

　　While ---表示一種不滿(mǎn)情緒，意思是這邊在干某種重要的事，而另一邊在享受等。

　　We are cleaning the classroom while they are playing the football.

　　As --- 一邊……一邊, 隨著

　　She was doing her homework as she was listening to the music.

　　As --- 當(dāng)……時(shí)，指一個(gè)動(dòng)作緊接著一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生，從句通常用進(jìn)行時(shí)。

　　As I was going out, it began to rain.

　　The moment --- 一……就…… =as soon as , immediately,

　　---Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?

　　---Yes, I gave her the moment I saw her.

　　Not… until --- 直到……才

　　He didn’t leave the office until he finished the work.

　　Before --- 在……之前

　　The passengers should arrive at the airport an hour before the flight departs.

　　After ---在…… 之后

　　The customer left the ticket counter after he had a quarrel with the ticket agent.

　　Since ---自從……, 通常主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

　　I have never been there again since I graduated from the university.

　　It is just a week since we arrived here.

　　As soon as --- 一……就……

　　Jack went to school as soon as he got well.

　　No sooner than --- 一……就……

　　no sooner… than… 用于句首要求倒裝

　　Hardly …when…

　　Scarcely …when…

　　No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.

　　Once  --- 一但……就……

　　Once you see him, you will never forget him.

　　Every time, each time 每次whenever 每當(dāng)

　　Each time he came to town, he would visit our school.

　　2. 條件狀語(yǔ)從句

　　引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有：

　　If如果, unless除非, as long as只要, As (so) far as --- 據(jù)……所知，in case萬(wàn)一, provided that假如, on condition that若是，以…為條件

　　If ---如果

　　If you don’t hurry up, you will miss the plane.

　　Unless --- 如果不, 除非=if not

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